Maleate salts of (E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamide and crystalline forms thereof

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to maleate salt forms of (E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamide, methods of preparing crystalline maleate salt forms, the associated compounds, and pharmaceutical compositions containing the same. The maleate salts are useful in treating cancers, particularly those affected by kinases of the epidermal growth factor receptor family.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/765,356, filed Feb. 12, 2013, which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 13/441,168, filed Apr. 6, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No.8,394,959, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/181,375, filed Jul. 12, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,173,814, which is adivisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/251,924, filed Oct.15, 2008, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,022,216, which further claims the benefitunder 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/124,796,filed Oct. 17, 2007. The foregoing related applications, in theirentirety, are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention is directed to maleate salts of(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamide,crystalline forms thereof, methods of preparing the salts, associatedcompounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing the maleate salt, andmethods for their use. Maleate salts of(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamideare useful in the treatment of cancer.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Compounds derived from 3-cyanoquinoline have been shown to haveanti-tumor activity, which may make them useful as chemotherapeuticagents in treating various cancers, including but not limited to,pancreatic cancer, melanoma, lymphatic cancer, parotid tumors, Barrett'sesophagus, esophageal carcinomas, head and neck tumors, ovarian cancer,breast cancer, epidermoid tumors, cancers of major organs, such askidney, bladder, larynx, stomach, and lung, colonic polyps andcolorectal cancer and prostate cancer. Examples of compounds derivedfrom 3-cyanoquinoline are disclosed and shown to possess anti-tumoractivity in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,002,008; 6,432,979; and 6,288,082. Onelimitation of certain 3-cyanoquinoline compounds is that they are notwater soluble in a free base form.

The crystalline form of a particular drug as a salt, a hydrate and/orany polymorph thereof is often one important determinant of the drug'sease of preparation, stability, water solubility, storage stability,ease of formulation and in-vivo pharmacology. It is possible that onecrystalline form is preferable over another where certain aspects suchas ease of preparation, stability, water solubility and/or superiorpharmacokinetics are deemed to be critical. Crystalline forms of(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidesalts that possess a higher degree of water solubility than the freebase but are stable fulfill an unmet need for stable, crystalline,water-soluble forms of substituted 3-cyanoquinoline compounds thatselectively inhibit kinase activity, which in turn inhibit cellproliferation and tumorigenesis.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides crystalline forms of(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate, which have been isolated and characterized as: an anhydrousform, a monohydrate form, and a mixture of the anhydrous and themonohydrate forms (referred to as a partial hydrate form). The inventionis also directed to methods for using this maleate salt and thecrystalline forms thereof, and pharmaceutical formulations containingthem.

The invention provides an isolated crystalline form of anhydrous(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate (Form I), characterized by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), as exhibiting an onset temperature in the range of about 196-204°C., at which melting and decomposition occur.

The invention also provides an isolated crystalline form of anhydrous(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate (Form I), wherein the maleate salt is characterized by X-raydiffraction (XRD) peaks at the following angles (±0.20°) of 2θ in itsX-ray diffraction pattern: 6.16, 7.38, 8.75, 10.20, 12.24, 12.61, 14.65,15.75, 17.33, 18.64, 19.99, 20.66, 21.32, 22.30, 23.18, 24.10, 24.69,25.49, 26.09, 26.54, 27.52, 28.62, and 29.43. In a separate embodiment,the isolated crystalline form of anhydrous(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate exhibits an X-ray diffraction pattern wherein all of the X-raydiffraction peaks are at about the 2θ angles disclosed above.

The invention provides an isolated crystalline form of(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate monohydrate (Form II), exhibiting water loss at about 50° C. andcharacterized by a water content of about 2.5 to 2.7% by weight, basedon the weight of the compound as a monohydrate.

The invention also provides an isolated crystalline form of(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate monohydrate (Form II), wherein the maleate salt is characterizedby XRD peaks at the following angles (±0.20°) of 2θ in its X-raydiffraction pattern: 6.53, 8.43, 10.16, 12.19, 12.47, 13.01, 15.17,16.76, 17.95, 19.86, 21.11, 21.88, 23.22, 23.78, 25.69, 26.17, 27.06,27.58, 28.26, 28.73, and 29.77. In a separate embodiment, the isolatedcrystalline form of(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate monohydrate exhibits an X-ray diffraction pattern wherein all ofthe X-ray diffraction peaks are at about the 2θ angles disclosed above.

The invention also provides an isolated crystalline form of(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate monohydrate (Form II), characterized by DSC, as exhibiting anonset temperature in the range of 196-204° C., at which melting anddecomposition occur, especially at a transition temperature of about203.8° C.

The invention provides an isolated crystalline form of a partiallyhydrated(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate (Form III), characterized by a water content of about 0.8 toabout 2.4% by weight, including about 1.5% to about 2.3% by weight,based on the weight of the compound.

The present invention provides a method of preparing the maleate salt bymixing(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamide(the free base) with maleic acid and dissolving the mixture in awater-alcohol solution at an elevated temperature. The resultingsolution is cooled and the cooled solution contains(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate.

The invention also provides a method of preparing(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate in the form of a crystalline monohydrate (Form II) comprisingthe steps of: mixing anhydrous(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate (Form I) with an organic solvent and an amount of water andfiltering crystalline monohydrate that precipitates from the mixture.

The invention also provides a method of preparing(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate in the form of a crystalline monohydrate (Form II) comprisingthe steps of: mixing anhydrous(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate (Form I) with an organic solvent; adding a solution comprisingan amount of water in an organic solvent; and filtering crystallinemonohydrate that precipitates from the mixture.

The invention also provides a method of preparing(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate in the form of a crystalline monohydrate (Form II) comprisingthe steps of: mixing anhydrous(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate (Form I) with an organic solvent and an amount of water andfiltering crystalline monohydrate that precipitates from the mixture.

The invention also provides a method of preparing(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate in the form of a crystalline monohydrate (Form II) comprisingthe steps of: mixing anhydrous(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate (Form I) with an organic solvent comprising an amount of waterand filtering crystalline monohydrate that precipitates from themixture.

The invention also provides a method of preparing(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate in the form of a crystalline monohydrate (Form II) comprisingthe steps of: mixing anhydrous(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate (Form I) with an organic solvent comprising an amount of waterover a period of days and filtering crystalline monohydrate thatprecipitates from the mixture.

The invention also provides a method of preparing(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate in anhydrous form (Form I) comprising the step of: drying undervacuum(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate as a monohydrate (Form II) at a temperature greater than 30° C.for about 12 to about 48 hours.

The invention also provides a pharmaceutical formulation comprising:(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate and one or more associated compounds having the followingstructures:

The present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition for theinhibition of HER-2 kinase activity comprising atherapeutically-effective amount of(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The pharmaceuticalcomposition may also contain one or more of the associated compoundsdiscussed above. The maleate salt may be in an anhydrous form, amonohydrate form, and combinations of these forms.

The present invention also provides a method for preventing, treating,or inhibiting cancer by administering a therapeutically-effective amountof(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate to a subject. The subject may be a mammal, and morespecifically, a human. The maleate salt may be administered in itsanhydrous form, monohydrate form, or partially hydrated form. One ormore of the associated compounds discussed above may also beadministered during this method.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1. The XRD scans of two crystalline forms of(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate, anhydrous Form I and monohydrate Form II.

FIG. 2. A dynamic vapor sorption (DSV) isotherm plot of(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate, Forms I and II.

FIG. 3. A differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) plot of Forms I andII.

FIG. 4. A theromogravimetric analysis (TGA) plot of Forms I and II.

FIG. 5. XRD scans of Forms I, II and III (partial hydrate form) afterexposure of Form I to 75% relative humidity at an ambient temperaturefor 22 days.

FIG. 6. XRD scans of two batches of Form I.

FIG. 7. XRD scans of Form II before and after exposure to a relativehumidity of 50-60% at an ambient temperature of 20-25° C. for 24 hours.

FIG. 8 XRD scans of Form I before and after exposure to relativehumidity of 50-60% at an ambient temperature of 20-25° C. for 24 hours.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamideis an irreversible inhibitor to Her-2 (also known as ErbB-2 or neu)kinase, a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family.EGFR family members have been implicated in tumorigenesis and associatedwith poor prognosis in tumor types in humans. The structure of the(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidein the form of a free base is shown below:

The compound(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidein the form of a free base is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,288,082. Thecompound is classified, based on the Biopharmaceutical ClassificationSystem, as a BCS Class IV compound (low water solubility and lowpermeability). The free base has low solubility in water, with a watersolubility of about 1 μg/mL at about pH 7. The water solubilityincreases with decreasing pH as the compound becomes ionized. Thiscompound is water soluble at gastrointestinal pH, and dissolution is notrate limiting. There is a need for a form of this compound with improvedphysicochemical properties.

The present invention provides a water-soluble acid addition salt formof(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamide.The free base compound is capable of forming salts with a variety ofpharmaceutically suitable acids. Pharmaceutically suitable acidsinclude, but are not limited to for example, acetic, fumuric, maleic,methanesulfonic, succinic, sulfuric, tartaric, and p-toluenesulfonicacid. The physicochemical properties of each acid addition salt formwere evaluated to screen for an optimal pharmaceutical salt form, asshown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SALT FORMS OF(E)-N-{4-[3-CHLORO-4-(2-PYRIDINYLMETHOXY)ANILINO]-3-CYANO-7-ETHOXY-6-QUINOLINYL}-4-(DIMETHYLAMINO)-2-BUTENAMIDE Acid/Base Crystallinity Residual RatioCrystallinity (by DSC* TGA Solvents Solubility Salt (by NMR) (by XRD)Microscopy) (T_(apex)) (30-150° C.) (%) pH (mg/g) 1 Acetate CrystallineCrystalline 116° C., 6.46% 6.9 8.34 < LOD (not a salt) Fine 186° C.needles 2 Mesylate Crystalline Crystalline  88° C., 5.03% 0.56 4.2910.62 (1:1) (moderate) Fine 141° C. needles 3 Tosylate CrystallineCrystalline 159° C.  2.1% 1.17 4.72 6.89 (1:1) (low) Irregular particles4 Maleate Crystalline Crystalline 195° C.  0.5% 1.19 5.11 0.37 (1:1)Irregular particles 5 Fumarate Amorphous Amorphous Unclear 2.71% 0.133.53 0.78 (1:1) 6 Tartrate Amorphous Amorphous Unclear 2.98% 0.14 3.490.66 (1:1) 7 Succinate Amorphous Amorphous 109° C. 1.73% 0.86 3.97 3.08(1:1) w/crystalline w/ features crystalline features 8 Citrate AmorphousAmorphous Unclear 2.86% 0.56 3.45 0.30 (1:1) 9 Sulfate AmorphousAmorphous 149° C. 4.42% 0.0 3.01 1.07 (2:1 assumed) *Minor endothermsand some broad endotherms are not listed.

Of the nine salts, the maleate salt exhibited advantageousphysicochemical properties. The maleate salt was crystalline and lesshygroscopic. The mesylate salt was hygroscopic and less crystalline. Thetosylate salt was even less attractive, primarily due to its highermolecular weight and safety concerns. Although the acetate “salt”appeared to be crystalline, NMR revealed that the product prepared fromacetic acid was in fact not a salt. The fact that the product preparedfrom acetic acid was insoluble in water with a resulting alkaline pHconfirmed that it largely retained the free base properties.

The (E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate salt is crystalline and has higher solubility in water ascompared to the free base as shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 SOLUBILITY COMPARISON OF FREE BASE AND MALEATE SALT Solvent freebase Maleate salt Water < LOD* 0.43 mg/mL (pH 8.2) (pH 5.00) 2% 0.05mg/mL 1.12 mg/mL Tween ™ (pH 6.4) (pH 5.06) 80** in water *LOD = limitof detection **Also known as Polysorbate ™ 80, a non-ionic solventprepared from polyoxylated sorbitol and oleic acid.

A comparison of the systemic exposure (SE) data for(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidehas been conducted on data extracted from multiple preclinical studiesin the rat. The analysis of these data indicated that, in the rat,administration of the compound as the maleate salt provided a two-foldincrease in AUC (area under concentration), as compared to the freebase, when administered at a dose range of 5 to 45 mg/kg. The systemicavailability of the compound as the free base was relatively low (20%),and the presence of significant amounts of drug in the feces could beattributed to poor absorption. The increased solubility of the maleatesalt appears to enhance the absorption of the compound in the rat. Table3 presents the plasma compound mean AUC and C_(max) data observed inrats.

TABLE 3 MEAN (SE) COMPOUND PHARMACOKINETICS IN RATS AUC₀₋₂₄ Dose C_(max)(ng/mL) (ng · hr/mL) AUC/Dose Form (mg/kg) Day N Male Female Male FemaleMale Female Maleate 5 28 3 1199  1381 8224 9534 1645  1907  Salt (138) (220)  (630)  (844) (126) (169) Free 10 10 3 814 ND 6785 ND 678 ND Base(116)  (642)  (64) Maleate 15 28 3 3418  3555 30217  34177 2014  2278 Salt (802)  (628) (2666) (2654) (178) (177) Free 20 1 4 1009  ND 8513^(a) ND 426 ND Base (194) (1616)  (81) Free 30 10 3 1654  243720389  24956  680 832 Base (65)  (708) (2331) (4318)  (78) (145) Maleate45 28 3 4615  4562 65062  75640  1446  1681  Salt (560)  (406) (4791)(6352) (106) (141) Free 100 10 3 3818  ND 58270  ND 583 ND Base (656)(12513)  (125) ^(a)AUC_(0-∞) ND = Not Dosed Maleate salt administered at10 mL/kg with suspensions of 0.5 to 4.5 mg/mL Free base administered at10 mL/kg with suspensions of 1 to 10 mg/mL

The maleate salt consistently and reproducibly exhibited beneficialphysicochemical properties, as shown in Table 4.

TABLE 4 PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MALEATE SALT PILOT BATCHES DSCResidual Aqueous HPLC Batch Crystallinity Particle (Tonset % MoistureSolvent Solution Solubility*** Purity Run Size (Microscopy) Size* ° C.)(KF) (%) pH (mg/g) (%) 1 0.5 g Crystalline 5-10 μm 195 0.59 1.19 5.110.37 99.38 Fine rods 2 6.6 g Crystalline 5-50 μm 197.6 0.36 0.1 EtOAc5.10 0.50 99.70 Fine needles 3   4 g Crystalline 25-100 μm  196.3 0.35ND** 5.15 0.44 99.52 Fine needles *Particle size is estimated from thecaptured image from light microscope. **ND: not determined ***s the freebase

In addition to exhibiting poor water solubility, the compound(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidein the form of a free base interacts with emectic receptors in thestomach, giving rise to diarrhea in mammals. The maleate salt of(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamide,however, unexpectedly mitigates such problems and minimizes emecticreceptor interactions in mammals.

The maleate salt is prepared by mixing(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamide(the free base) with maleic acid and dissolving the mixture in awater-alcohol solution at an elevated temperature. The resultingsolution is cooled and the cooled solution contains(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate. According to one embodiment,(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate is prepared by combining maleic acid and the free base in asolution of water and n-propanol, as described in Scheme 1.

The reaction of the free base and maleic acid occurs at an elevatedtemperature of from about 40° C. to about 60° C., preferably betweenabout 40° C. to about 50° C. The ratio of water:n-propanol may vary, forexample between about 1:10 to about 1:5, and the optimal ratio ofwater:n-propanol is about 1:9. The water-alcohol solution may comprisefrom about 5% to about 20% by volume water and from about 80% to about95% by volume alcohol. The alcohol may be n-propanol. In one embodiment,the water-alcohol solution comprises about 10% by volume water and about90% by volume n-propanol. The volume of the solvent solution may bebetween about 8 to about 25 volumes, including about 10 to about 12volumes. About 1.0-1.2 equivalents of maleic acid is used per equivalentof the free base, preferably about 1.03 equivalents of maleic acid perequivalent of the free base.

The resulting solution of the maleate salt may be clarified byfiltration prior to cooling. The cooling step may be continued until thesolution reaches a temperature of about 45° C. or less, including atemperature of about 39° C. or less, and more preferably to about 30° C.or less. In one embodiment, the solution is filtered after cooling toabout room temperature, preferably from about 23° C. to about 25° C.Typically, the maleate salt begins to crystallize out of solution oncethe temperature reaches 37° C. or below. The solution may be allowed tosit for at least 12 hours, preferably about 12 to about 15 hours at roomtemperature, and is then filtered and washed to recover the crystallinemaleate salt product. The resulting filter cake may be washed with thesame or a different water-alcohol solution to obtain the product. Theproduct may be dried to obtain crystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate. At this point, the maleate salt product recovered and isolatedis typically in the form of the monohydrate form of the maleate salt.

The product may be dried under vacuum with heating to make the anhydrousform of the maleate salt (Form I) at about 70 to about 95% yield,preferably about 80 to about 95% yield. This product is usually betterthan about 98% pure, and often about 99% pure. Typically, the dryingprocess is performed over about 12 to about 48 hours to get completeconversion of the anhydrous form of the maleate salt to the monohydrateform of the maleate salt (Form II).

Shorter drying times generally result in mixtures of the two crystallineforms. The drying process is often performed at temperatures greaterthan room temperature. In one embodiment, drying of the maleate salt isperformed at a temperature greater than about 30° C., preferably fromabout 40° C. to about 60° C., and in another embodiment at about 50° C.

The maleate salt is soluble in many polar solvents, which will be knownto one skilled in the art, but dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is often usedif a small solvent volume is desired. The DMSO solution can be heated toabout 45° C. to about 60° C. to further enhance solubility. Once theanhydrous maleate salt is in solution, water may be added, typicallyquickly, causing the crystallization that provides the crystallinemonohydrate form upon filtration. The anhydrous salt may be dissolved ina solvent, for example DMSO, and to this solution may be added anaqueous solution of water and an organic solvent, for example such astetrahydrofuran (THF), isopropanol (IPA), n-propanol, acetone, ethanol,methanol, and acetonitrile. In one embodiment, the organic solvent usedis IPA, in another embodiment it is n-propanol, and in a thirdembodiment a mixture of these two organic solvents is used. The watercontent of the aqueous solution can be as little as 5%, but may be about7.5% or greater, and in one embodiment is between about 10% and about15%. The resulting solution then may be allowed to sit for up to about24 hours, and in one embodiment is allowed to sit for between about 12hours and about 24 hours, to allow for crystallization to occur.Filtration of the mixture yields a crystalline monohydrate form of themaleate salt. For purposes of this invention, the term “organic solventand water” refers to a solution of an organic solvent, such as forexample tetrahydrofuran (THF), DMSO, methanol, ethanol, isopropylalcohol or acetonitrile, and water wherein the organic solvent comprisesgreater then 50% of the solution by volume.

The invented maleate salt of(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidewas isolated in three different crystalline forms: an anhydrous form(Form I), a monohydrate form (Form II) and a partially hydrated form(Form III), which comprises a mixture of Form I and Form II.

According to one embodiment, the anhydrous form of(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate (Form I) is obtained as a crystalline solid by drying thereaction product of(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamideand maleic acid. Drying includes air drying, heating and drying underreduced pressure. In an alternative embodiment, the anhydrous form of(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate (Form I) is obtained as a crystalline solid by drying themonohydrate form of(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate (Form II).

The isolated crystalline form of anhydrous(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate (Form I), is characterized by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), as exhibiting an onset temperature in the range of about 196-204°C., at which melting and decomposition occur.

The anhydrous maleate salt (Form I) is characterized by X-raydiffraction (XRD) peaks at the following angles (±0.20°) of 2θ in itsX-ray diffraction pattern: 6.16, 7.38, 8.75, 10.20, 12.24, 12.61, 14.65,15.75, 17.33, 18.64, 19.99, 20.66, 21.32, 22.30, 23.18, 24.10, 24.69,25.49, 26.09, 26.54, 27.52, 28.62, and 29.43. In a separate embodiment,the isolated crystalline form of anhydrous(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate (Form I) exhibits an X-ray diffraction pattern wherein all ofthe X-ray diffraction peaks are at about the 2θ angles disclosed above.

According to one embodiment,(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate is prepared in the form of a crystalline monohydrate (Form II)by mixing anhydrous(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate (Form I) with an organic solvent and an amount of water andfiltering crystalline monohydrate that precipitates from the mixture.

In a separate embodiment,(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate in the form of a crystalline monohydrate (Form II) is preparedby mixing anhydrous(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate (Form I) with an organic solvent; adding a solution comprisingan amount of water in an organic solvent; and filtering crystallinemonohydrate that precipitates from the mixture.

In another embodiment,(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate in the form of a crystalline monohydrate (Form II) is preparedby mixing anhydrous(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate (Form I) with an organic solvent comprising an amount of waterover a period of days and filtering crystalline monohydrate thatprecipitates from the mixture. The period of days is suitably about 1-20days.

The isolated crystalline form of(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate monohydrate (Form II), exhibits water loss at about 50° C., asmeasured by DSC, and is characterized by a water content of about 2.5 to2.7% by weight, as measured by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), basedon the weight of the compound as a monohydrate. The water content of themonohydrate form of the maleate salt was also measured by Karl Fischertitration.

(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate as a monohydrate (Form II) is characterized by X-ray diffractionpeaks (XRD) at the following angles (±0.20°) of 2θ in its X-raydiffraction pattern: 6.53, 8.43, 10.16, 12.19, 12.47, 13.01, 15.17,16.76, 17.95, 19.86, 21.11, 21.88, 23.22, 23.78, 25.69, 26.17, 27.06,27.58, 28.26, 28.73, and 29.77. In a separate embodiment, the isolatedcrystalline form of(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate monohydrate exhibits an X-ray diffraction pattern wherein all ofthe X-ray diffraction peaks are at about the 2θ angles disclosed above.

As used herein, the term isolated means that more than 50% of thecrystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate salt present is one of Forms I and II. In one embodiment, atleast 70% of the crystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate salt present is one of Forms I and II. In a second embodiment,at least 80% of the maleate salt present is one of Forms I and II. In athird embodiment, at least 90% of the maleate salt present is one ofForms I and II.

The two crystalline forms of(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate, exhibit distinct XRD patterns and peaks. The XRD pattern foreach maleate salt form is unique to that salt form. The XRD patterns ofForms I and II were determined by using techniques and equipment knownto those skilled in the art of analytical chemistry and X-raycrystallography. XRD patterns were produced using powder samples and arecomprised of a set of diffraction peaks, which can be expressed in 2theta angles, d-spacing and/or relative peak intensities. The XRDpatterns are shown in FIGS. 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8. Collection parameters forthe X-ray data provided in FIGS. 1, 7 and 8 were as follows: voltage 40kV; current 40.0 mA; 5.00-30.00 degree scan range; Bruker D8 Advanceinstrument; scan step size 0.01°; total scan time 30 minutes; using aVantec-1 detector and NI filter. The X-ray data in FIGS. 5 and 6 werecollected as follows: voltage 30 kV; current 15 mA; 3-40 degree scanrange; 2.00°/min; Rigaku Miniflex bench top X-ray diffractometer.

The two-theta diffraction angles and the corresponding d-spacing valuesaccount for the positions of the peaks found in a XRD pattern. D-spacingvalues are calculated with observed two theta angles and copper Kα1wavelength using the Bragg equation. Variations in these numbers canresult from using different diffractometers and also from the method ofsample preparation. However, more variation can be expected for therelative peak intensities. Therefore, identification of the variousforms should be based upon the observed two-theta angles and thed-spacings, and less importance should be given to the intensities. Oneskilled in the art would understand that the XRD patterns of Forms I andII obtained as described herein could contain additional peaks.Additionally, a skilled artisan would recognize that whether all thepeaks are observed for a given form may be highly dependent on theconcentration level of the form. FIG. 1 illustrates XRD scans of the twocrystalline forms of the maleate salt, Form I and II. The crystallineanhydrous maleate salt form, Form I, is shown on the bottom, while thecrystalline monohydrate form of the maleate salt, Form II, is shown ontop.

The relative stability and hygroscopicity of the two crystalline formsof the maleate salt was studied in detail by dynamic vapor sorption(DVS). The anhydrous form of the maleate salt absorbs water easily andconverts to the crystalline monohydrate form of the maleate salt. Upondrying or a drop in the relative humidity, the crystalline monohydrateform of the maleate salt converts to the anhydrous form of the maleatesalt, as summarized in FIG. 2. FIG. 2 is a dynamic vapor sorptionisotherm plot which shows that(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate, Form I, gains moisture above 40% relative humidity (RH),especially at 60% RH and above. FIG. 2 also shows that Form II loseswater at 20% RH and below, especially at 10% RH and below. DVS wasperformed under the following conditions: RH was set at 0%, 30%, 52.5%,75% and 90%, with the sample exposed for 3 hours at each RH for two fullcycles.

The two crystalline forms of(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate exhibit distinct DSC traces. A DSC plot of both Form I and FormII of the maleate salt is summarized in FIG. 3. Form I of the maleatesalt exhibits one endothermic peak, indicating a transition temperatureof 202.49° C. Form II of the maleate salt exhibits two endothermicpeaks, a broad endotherm having an onset temperature of 55° C.corresponding to loss of water and a second endotherm indicating atransition temperature of 202.81° C. The transition temperatures areobserved in the range of about 196-204° C. at which melting anddecomposition occurs. DSC data, transition temperatures and heat flow,were collected using a TA instrument model Q1000 with the followingparameters: 50 mL/min purge gas (N₂); scan range 40 to 240° C., scanrate 10° C./min. Pure, crystalline solids have a characteristictransition temperature, the temperature at which point the substancechanges state, in the present case the solid transitions to a liquid.The transition between the solid and the liquid is so sharp for smallsamples of a pure substance that transition temperatures can be measuredto 0.1° C. Because it is difficult to heat solids to temperatures abovetheir transition temperatures, and because pure solids tend totransition over a very small temperature range, transition temperaturesare often used to help identify compounds. Measurements of thetransition temperature of a solid can also provide information about thepurity of the substance. Pure, crystalline solids transition over a verynarrow range of temperatures, whereas mixtures transition over a broadtemperature range. Mixtures also tend to transition at temperaturesbelow the transition temperatures of the pure solids.

TGA data of the monohydrate and anhydrous forms of the maleate salt aresummarized in FIG. 4. Form II of the maleate salt is characterized by awater content of about 2.5 to 2.7% by weight, as measured by TGA, basedon the weight of the compound as a monohydrate. TGA data were collectedusing a TA Instrument Model Q. A heating rate of 10° C./min between30-220° C. was used and the TGA chamber was under 40 mL/min flow ofnitrogen.

A third crystalline form of the maleate is salt is observed and referredto as the partial hydrate (Form III), as observed from XRD. The partialhydrate is a mixture of Form I and Form II of the maleate salt. Thepartially hydrated(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate (Form III), is characterized by a water content of about 0.8 toabout 2.4% by weight, including about 1.5% to about 2.3% by weight,based on the weight of the compound.

FIG. 5 includes an XRD scan of each of anhydrous Form I, monohydrateForm II and partial hydrate Form III of(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate after exposure of the anhydrous form of the maleate salt to arelative humidity of 75% at an ambient temperature of 20-25° C. for 22days.

FIG. 6 is an XRD scan of two batches of crystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate in Form I. The anhydrous form of the maleate salt absorbs waterand partially converts to the monohydrate form of the maleate salt at anambient temperature of 20-25° C. over 24 hours. The monohydrate form ofthe maleate salt is relatively stable at an ambient temperature of20-25° C. for 24 hours. FIG. 7 illustrates an XRD scan of crystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate in Form II, before and after exposure to relative humidity of50-60% at an ambient temperature of 20-25° C. for 24 hours. Exposing themonohydrate form of the maleate salt to higher temperatures (>50° C.) orheating under reduced pressure promotes water loss and full conversionback to the anhydrous form of the maleate salt.

Form I, the anhydrous form, is readily converted to the monohydrateform, Form II. Form I can absorb water and convert partially to themonohydrate at a temperature of 20-25° C. and a relative humidity (RH)of 50-60% over time, as shown in FIG. 8. FIG. 8 is an XRD scan ofcrystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate in Form I before (lower scan), and after (upper scan) exposureto relative humidity of 50-60% at room temperature of 20-25° C. for 24hours. Hydrate peaks appear in the upper scan, indicating that thecrystals absorb water under these conditions.

The stability of both forms of the maleate salt of(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidewas evaluated in closed and open containers at 40° C. and 75% RH. BothForm I and Form II remained stable for 6 months under these conditions.In the open containers, the anhydrous form of the maleate salt rapidlyabsorbed one mole of water to form the monohydrate form of the maleatesalt. Samples in the closed containers remained dry. HPLC purityanalysis indicated no significant increase in degradation products inboth open and closed conditions for up to 6 months. The data issummarized in Table 5.

TABLE 5 SOLID STATE STABILITY OF THE ANHYDROUS MALEATE SALT (FORM I)Closed Vial at 40° C./75% RH Open Vial at 40° C./75% RH Potency PotencyWeeks (dry Major Total (dry Major Total in Potency Moisture basis)degradant impurities Potency Moisture basis) degradant impuritiesStorage as is (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) as is (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Initial100.50 0.35 100.85 0.23 0.57 100.50 0.35 100.85 0.23 0.57 1 100.07 0.39100.46 0.23 0.57 99.13 2.82 102.01 0.22 0.55 2 100.03 0.34 100.38 0.240.64 97.50 2.86 100.37 0.23 0.65 4 96.87 0.22 97.09 0.24 0.61 95.27 2.7497.96 0.23 0.58 12 100.21 0.46 100.67 0.25 0.66 98.12 2.98 101.13 0.260.65 24 98.96 0.16 99.12 0.32 0.68 97.22 2.79 100.01 0.31 0.69

Reactive crystallization of the free base with maleic acid in differentsolvents was performed to determine which crystalline form(s) of themaleate salt resulted. Table 6 illustrates the results of thecrystallization process in a mixture of n-propanol and water at variousoperating conditions. The wet cake in all experiments contains themonohydrate form of the maleate salt, which converts to the anhydrousform of the maleate salt after drying.

TABLE 6 REACTIVE CRYSTALLIZATION OF MALEATE SALT IN WATER/N-PROPANOLForm, dry solid (50° C. and Exp # T, ° C. Conditions Form, wet cakevacuum) 1 25 10% water Hydrate Form II I + II (1 hr drying) 2 45 10%water Hydrate Form II — 3 60 10% water Hydrate Form II — 4 Variable 5%excess Hydrate Form II I + II (1 hr drying) acid + 10% water 5 Variable10% excess Hydrate Form II — acid + 10% water 6 Variable 20% excessHydrate Form II — acid + 10% water 7 Variable 15% water Hydrate Form III + II (1 hr drying) 8 25 13% water Hydrate Form II Anhydrous Form I(overnight drying) 9 25 13% water Hydrate Form II — 10 45 13% waterHydrate Form II — 11 45 13% water Hydrate Form II — 12 25 15% waterHydrate Form II — 13 25 15% water Hydrate Form II Anhydrous Form I(overnight drying) 14 45 15% water Hydrate Form II — 15 45 15% waterHydrate Form II —

Table 7 presents the results of reactive crystallization of the freebase and maleic acid in various solvents, which resulted in anhydrousform of the maleate salt in all experiments.

TABLE 7 REACTIVE CRYSTALLIZATION OF MALEATE SALT IN VARIOUS SOLVENTSForm, dry solid 50° C. and Exp # T, ° C. Solvent vacuum for 1 hr 1Variable Ethanol Anhydrous Form I 2 Variable Isopropanol Anhydrous FormI 3 Variable Ethyl acetate Anhydrous Form I 4 Variable Acetone AnhydrousForm I 5 Variable THF Anhydrous Form I 6 Variable Acetonitrile AnhydrousForm I 7 Variable Isopropyl acetate Anhydrous Form I

One solvent that appreciably dissolves the(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate salt is dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Cooling, anti-solvent andevaporative crystallization were performed in mixtures of DMSO andisopropanol or t-butyl methyl ether (tBME). The approach led to thedecomposition of the solute in many cases. Anti-solvent and evaporativecrystallization did not result in any new crystalline forms, assummarized in Tables 8 and 9.

TABLE 8 ANTI-SOLVENT CRYSTALLIZATION OF MALEATE SALT FORMS Exp # T, ° C.Solvent Form, wet cake 1 Salt dissolved in 5 vol. 25 vol. IPA added atAnhydrous DMSO at T = 60° C. once Form I 2 Salt dissolved in 5 vol. 20vol. water added at Hydrate Form II DMSO at T = 60° C. once 3 Saltdissolved in 5 vol. 2 vol. water and Hydrate Form II DMSO at T = 60° C.25 vol. IPA added. Nucleated overnight

TABLE 9 EVAPORATIVE CRYSTALLIZATION OF MALEATE SALT FORMS Exp # SolventForm, dry sample 1 DMSO:IPA T = 50° C. vacuum Anhydrous Form I 2DMSO:IPA T = 50° C. vacuum Anhydrous Form I 3 DMSO:IPA T = 50° C. vacuumAnhydrous Form I 4 DMSO:IPA T = 50° C. vacuum Anhydrous Form I

According to one embodiment, one way to convert anhydrous Form I intomonohydrate Form II is by dissolving the salt into a solution of anorganic solvent, for example such as THF, isopropanol (IPA), n-propanol,acetone, ethanol, methanol, and acetonitrile, and water, where in thewater present is about 5% to about 20% by volume, though typically thewater present is about 10% to about 15% by volume. This solution may beheated to increase solubility of the maleate salt; in one embodiment itis heated to about 45° C. or greater, in another embodiment it is heatedto about 60° C. The solution is then allowed to sit for a period ofhours to allow for crystallization, and the crystals are then filteredto give monohydrate Form II (see Table 6). In one embodiment thesolution is allowed to sit for between about 12 and about 24 hoursbefore filtration.

According to a separate embodiment, Form I is converted to Form II byre-slurrying it in organic solvent containing water and allowing thesolution to stand exposed to the room temperature for several days, asshown in stability studies summarized in Table 10. This conversion willtake place even in anhydrous solvents that have absorbed up to 1% waterbecause anhydrous Form I readily absorbs moisture, as evidenced by FIG.8. In one embodiment the re-slurry is allowed to stand for about 14days.

TABLE 10 STABILITY OF CRYSTALLINE FORMS OF THE RESLURRY AT ROOMTEMPERATURE FOR 14 DAYS. Initial Final Form, wet Exp# * Solvent Formcake 1 Ethanol I I 2 IPA I I 3 Ethyl acetate I I + some II 4 Acetone I I5 THF I II 6 Acetonitrile I I 7 Methanol I I 8 Water I II 9DMSO:IPA(1:1) I I 10 Ethanol II II 11 IPA II II 12 Ethyl acetate II II13 Acetone II II 14 THF II II 15 Acetonitrile II II 16 Methanol II I 17DMSO:IPA(1:1) II I

The present invention is also directed to compounds associated with thefree base or the maleate salt of(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamide,or the methods of this invention. One or more of these associatedcompounds may be found in the cooled solution in a process of thisinvention. Since these compounds may not be separated from the maleatesalt, a pharmaceutical formulation prepared with the maleate salt maycontain one or more of these compounds.

Formulations of the maleate salt were prepared and stored in 40° C./75%RH stability chambers for six months and in a 56° C. oven for one month.Samples were periodically pulled for testing. Samples were dissolved in50/50 volume/volume acetonitrile/water with a concentration at about 0.5mg/mL. The solutions were assayed directly using LC/MS methodology toidentify any degradation products and impurities (referred to herein asassociated compounds) at six-months. Structures of the associatedcompounds, detected by LC/MS are listed in Table 11. Notably, the amountof the degradation product associated with(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate is reduced by the production method of the present invention.

TABLE 11 STRUCTURES OF DEGRADATION PRODUCT AND PROCESS IMPURITIESProcess Impurity A Process Impurity B Process Impurity C

  2-({4-[3-chloro-4-(2- pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}amino)-2- oxoacetic acid Exact Mass: 517.12

  N¹-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2- pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-ethanediamide Exact Mass: 516.13

  6-amino-4-[3-chloro-4-(2- pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-7-ethoxy-3-quinolinecarbonitrlle Exact Mass. 445.13 Degradation Product A ProcessImpurity D Process Impurity E

  4-[3-chloro-4-(2- pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-7-ethoxy-6-(2-hydroxy-5-oxopyrrolidinyl)-3- quinolinecarbonitrile Exact Mass:529.15

  N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2- pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-3,4- bis(dimethylamino)butanamide Exact Mass:601.26

  N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-1-methyl-2,3-dioxo-4-piperidinecarboxamide Exact Mass: 598.17 Process Impurity FProcess Impurity G Process Impurity H

  N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2- pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinollnyl}acetamide Exact Mass: 487.14

  (E)-4-({4-[3-chloro-4-(2- pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}amino)-N,N,N- trimethyl-4-oxo-2-buten-1-aminiumExact Mass: 571.22

  N¹-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2- pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-N²,N²-dimethylethanediamide Exact Mass: 544.16 ProcessImpurity I Process Impurity J

  4-[3-chloro-4-(2- pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinylformamide Exact Mass: 473.13

  4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]- 7-ethoxy-6-[(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinylidene)amino]-3- quinolinecarbonitrile Exact Mass: 526.19

The names of these associated compounds are:

-   2-({4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}amino)-2-oxoacetic    acid;-   N¹-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-ethanediamide;-   6-amino-4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-7-ethoxy-3-quinolinecarbonitrile;-   4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-7-ethoxy-6-(2-hydroxy-5-oxopyrrolidinyl)-3-quinolinecarbonitrile;-   N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-3,4-bis(dimethylamino)butanamide;-   N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-1-methyl-2,3-dioxo-4-piperidinecarboxamide;-   N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}acetamide;-   (E)-4-({4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}amino)-N,N,N-trimethyl-4-oxo-2-buten-1-aminium-   N¹-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-N²,N²-dimethylethanediamide;-   4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinylformamide;    and,-   4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-7-ethoxy-6-[(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinylidene)amino]-3-quinolinecarbonitrile.

Crystalline forms of the maleate salts of the present invention areuseful for preventing, treating, or inhibiting inflammation or cancer byadministering a therapeutically-effective amount of(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate to a subject. The subject may be a mammal, and morespecifically, a human. The maleate salt may be administered in itsanhydrous form, monohydrate form or partially hydrated form. One or moreof the associated compounds discussed above may also be administeredduring this method.

Crystalline forms of the maleate salts of the present invention areuseful for preparing pharmaceutical compositions for the Inhibition ofHER-2 kinase activity, which is linked to the treatment of cancer. Theformulations contain a therapeutically effective amount of(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The pharmaceuticalcomposition may be administered in its anhydrous form, monohydrate formor partially hydrated form. One or more of the associated compoundsdiscussed above may also be administered during this method.

Pharmaceutical compositions and formulations of the present inventionmay be useful in the treatment of one or more of breast cancer, ovariancancer, epidermoid tumors, colon cancer, prostate cancer, kidney cancer,bladder cancer, larynx cancer, esophagus cancer, stomach cancer, andlung cancer. According to one embodiment, the maleate salt isparticularly useful in the treatment of breast cancer and/or ovariancancer.

The pharmaceutical compositions and formulations including maleate saltforms of the invention may be administered orally, by intralesional,intraperitoneal, intramuscular or intravenous injection; infusion;liposome-mediated delivery; topical, nasal, anal, vaginal, sublingual,uretheral, transdermal, intrathecal, ocular or otic delivery. One modeof administration for the compound of the invention is the unit doseform. Suitable unit dose forms include tablets, capsules and powders insachets or vials. The crystalline compounds of the present invention canbe administered orally. Such compounds may be administered from 1 to 6times a day, more usually from 1 to 4 times a day. The effective amountwill be known to one of skill in the art; it may also be dependent uponthe form of the compound, the mode of administration and the serverityof the condition being treated. One of skill in the art could routinelyperform empirical activity tests to determine the bioactivity of thecompound in bioassays and thus determine what dosage to administer.However, in general, satisfactory results can be obtained with compoundsof the present invention when dosed daily in the range of about 0.5mg/kg to about 1000 mg/kg of body weight, but usually the effectivedosage amount is between about 1 mg/kg to about 300 mg/kg per day.

The crystalline forms of maleate salts of the invention may beformulated with conventional excipients, such as fillers, disintegratingagents, binders, lubricants, flavoring agents, color additives, andcarriers. The carrier may be a diluent, an aerosol, a topical carrier,an aqueous solution, a nonaqueous solution or a solid. The carrier maybe a polymer or a toothpaste. A carrier in this invention encompassesany of the standard pharmaceutically accepted carriers, such asphosphate buffered saline solution, acetate buffered saline solution,water, emulsions such as an oil/water emulsion or a triglycerideemulsion, various types of wetting agents, tablets, coated tablets andcapsules.

If administered orally or topically, the crystalline forms of maleatesalts of the invention may be provided to a subject in differentcarriers. Typically, such carriers contain excipients such as starch,milk, sugar, certain types of clay, gelatin, stearic acid, talc,vegetable fats or oils, gums, or glycols. Specific carriers aretypically selected based upon the desired method of delivery, forexample, phosphate buffered saline (PBS) could be used for intravenousor systemic delivery and vegetable fats, creams, salves, ointments orgels may be used for topical delivery.

The crystalline forms of maleate salts of the present invention may bedelivered together with suitable diluents, preservatives, solubilizers,emulsifiers, adjuvants and/or carriers useful in treatment, inhibitionor prevention of neoplasm. Such compositions are liquids or lyophilizedor otherwise dried formulations and include diluents of various buffercontent (for example, Tris-HCl, acetate, phosphate), pH and ionicstrength, additives such as albumins or gelatin to prevent absorption tosurfaces, detergents (for example, TWEEN™ 20, TWEEN™ 80, PLURONIC™ F68,bile acid salts), solubilizing agents (for example, glycerol,polyethylene glycerol), anti-oxidants (for example ascorbic acid, sodiummetabisulfate), preservatives (for example, thimerosal, benzyl alcohol,parabens), bulking substances or tonicity modifiers (for example,lactose, mannitol), covalent attachment of polymers such as polyethyleneglycol, complexation with metal ions, or incorporation of the compoundinto or onto particulate preparations of hydrogels or liposomes,micro-emulsions, micelles, unilamellar or multilamellar vesicles,erythrocyte ghosts, or spheroblasts. Such compositions will influencethe physical state, solubility, stability, rate of in vivo release, andrate of in-vivo clearance of the compound or composition. The choice ofcompositions will depend on the physical and chemical properties of thecompound.

The crystalline forms of maleate salts of the invention also may bedelivered locally via a capsule that allows a sustained release of thecompound over a period of time. Controlled or sustained releasecompositions include formulations in lipophilic depots (for example,fatty acids, waxes, oils).

The crystalline forms of maleate salts of the invention can also bedosed with other active compounds that would be of benefit to a patientsuffering from cancer, for example, other chemo agents or anti-biotics,or in conjunction with radiation therapy. These active compounds can bedosed with the compounds of the present invention simultaneously or insequence. The compounds of the present invention can also be formulatedto include the other active compound in the same dosage unit, forexample both could be contained within one pill, table or capsule. Someof the possible types of active compounds that the compounds of thepresent invention could be used in combination with are mitoticinhibitors, such as taxol and vinblastine, alylating agents, such ascisplatin and cyclophosamide, antimetabolites, such as 5-fluorouraciland hydroxyurea, DNA intercalators, such as adriamycin and bleomycin,topoisomerase inhibitors, such as etoposide and camptothecin,antiangiogenic agents, such as angiostatin, and antiestrogens, such astamoxifen.

This invention will be more fully described in conjunction with thefollowing specific examples, which should not to be construed aslimiting the scope of this invention. A skilled artisan will be able tore-arrange, combine, modify, or eliminate steps in the exemplifiedprocess, depending on process parameters and equipment.

EXAMPLE 1 Preparation of(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate, Form II

Crude(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidefree base (0.100 kg, 0.159 mole) is rinsed with a 10% solution of USPpurified water in n-propanol (0.082 kg, 0.10 L) followed by the additionof water:n-propanol solution (0.74 kg, 0.90 L). Maleic acid is added(0.0191 kg, 0.164 mole) and the mixture is rinsed with 10%water:n-propanol (0.082 kg, 0.10 L). The mixture is quickly heated to50-60° C. and held for a minimum of 15 min. until a solution isobtained. The hot solution is clarified through a pre-heated 50-60° C.,0.2 Mm filter cartridge and the filtrates are collected in a preheated45-55° C., 2 L multi-neck flask. The filter cartridge is rinsed throughwith 10% water:n-propanol pre-heated to 45-55° C. (0.082 kg, 0.10 L).The solution is cooled over at least one hour to 40° C. and held at thattemperature for 12 hours then cooled to room temperature (25° C.) over aminimum of four hours and held at that temperature for at least twohours. The mixture id filtered on a 12.5 cm diameter Buchner funnel for5 min., then rinsed and washed with pre-filtered 10% water:n-propanolsolution (2×0.12 kg, 2×0.15 L). The cake is dammed and suctionmaintained until dripping essentially stops, about 1 h.

EXAMPLE 2 Preparation of(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate, Form I

The product from Example 1 (Form II) is dried (50° C., 10 mm Hg, 24 h)to give 94.4 g (88% yield) of crystalline, anhydrous(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate (Form I) (88% yield) with strength 80.8% (free base), 17.4%(maleic acid), total impurities 1.06%, largest single impurity 0.38%.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method of increasing oral absorption ofneratinib, comprising: formulating neratinib as anhydrous neratinibmaleate salt (Form I), wherein the anhydrous neratinib maleate salt(Form I) is prepared according to a method comprising: i) mixing(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamideand maleic acid in a water-alcohol solution at a temperature in therange of between about 50° C. to about 60° C.; ii) cooling said solutionto a temperature of about 40° C. and maintaining the cooled solution atabout 40° C. for about 12 hours to precipitate the maleate salt; iii)further cooling the cooled solution to room temperature (about 25° C.)over a minimum of 4 hours and maintaining the further cooled solution atroom temperature (about 25° C.) for at least 2 hours; and iv) filteringthe maintained, further cooled solution to obtain crystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate, wherein the crystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate is(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate monohydrate; and v) drying the crystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate monohydrate under vacuum at a temperature greater than 30° C.for 12 to 48 hours to obtain crystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate, anhydrous, Form I; wherein the anhydrous neratinib maleate salt(Form I) formulation produces at least a two-fold greater AUC (areaunder concentration), relative to neratinib in a free base formulation;and wherein the crystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate, anhydrous, Form I, is characterized by X-ray diffraction peaksat the following angles (±0.20°) of 2Theta in its X-ray diffractionpattern comprising 6.16, 7.38, 8.75, 12.61, 14.65, and 15.75.
 2. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the drying step comprises drying the(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate, monohydrate at 50° C., 10 mm Hg for 24 hours to obtain thecrystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate, anhydrous, Form I.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein thecrystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate, anhydrous, Form I, is characterized by X-ray diffraction peaksat the following angles (±0.20°) of 2Theta in its X-ray diffractionpattern comprising 6.16, 7.38, 8.75, 10.20, 12.24, 12.61, 14.65, 15.75,17.33, 18.64, 19.99, 20.66, 21.32, 22.30, 23.18, 24.10, 24.69, 25.49,26.09, 26.54, 27.52, 28.62, and 29.43.
 4. The method of claim 3, whereinthe crystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate, anhydrous, Form I, has substantially the X-ray diffractionpattern as shown in FIG.
 6. 5. A method of mitigating interaction withemetic receptors associated with neratinib therapy in mammals,comprising: formulating neratinib as anhydrous neratinib maleate salt(Form I), wherein the anhydrous neratinib maleate salt (Form I) isprepared according to a method comprising: i) mixing(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamideand maleic acid in a water-alcohol solution at a temperature in therange of between about 50° C. to about 60° C.; ii) cooling said solutionto a temperature of about 40° C. and maintaining the cooled solution atabout 40° C. for about 12 hours to precipitate the maleate salt; iii)further cooling the cooled solution to room temperature (about 25° C.)over a minimum of 4 hours and maintaining the further cooled solution atroom temperature (about 25° C.) for at least 2 hours; and iv) filteringthe maintained, further cooled solution to obtain crystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate, wherein the crystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate is(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate monohydrate; and v) drying the crystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate monohydrate under vacuum at a temperature greater than 30° C.for 12 to 48 hours to obtain crystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate, anhydrous, Form I; wherein the anhydrous neratinib maleate salt(Form I) formulation mitigates interactions with emetic receptorsrelative to neratinib in a free base formulation; and wherein thecrystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate, anhydrous, Form I, is characterized by X-ray diffraction peaksat the following angles (±0.20°) of 2Theta in its X-ray diffractionpattern comprising 6.16, 7.38, 8.75, 12.61, 14.65, and 15.75.
 6. Themethod of claim 5, wherein the drying step comprises drying the(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate, monohydrate at 50° C., 10 mm Hg for 24 hours to obtain thecrystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate, anhydrous, Form I.
 7. The method of claim 5, wherein thecrystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate, anhydrous, Form I, is characterized by X-ray diffraction peaksat the following angles (±0.20°) of 2Theta in its X-ray diffractionpattern comprising 6.16, 7.38, 8.75, 10.20, 12.24, 12.61, 14.65, 15.75,17.33, 18.64, 19.99, 20.66, 21.32, 22.30, 23.18, 24.10, 24.69, 25.49,26.09, 26.54, 27.52, 28.62, and 29.43.
 8. The method of claim 7, whereinthe crystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate, anhydrous, Form I, has substantially the X-ray diffractionpattern as shown in FIG.
 6. 9. A method of treating diarrhea associatedwith neratinib therapy, comprising: formulating neratinib as anhydrousneratinib maleate salt (Form I), wherein the anhydrous neratinib maleatesalt (Form I) is prepared according to a method comprising: i) mixing(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamideand maleic acid in a water-alcohol solution at a temperature in therange of between about 50° C. to about 60° C.; ii) cooling said solutionto a temperature of about 40° C. and maintaining the cooled solution atabout 40° C. for about 12 hours to precipitate the maleate salt; iii)further cooling the cooled solution to room temperature (about 25° C.)over a minimum of 4 hours and maintaining the further cooled solution atroom temperature (about 25° C.) for at least 2 hours; and iv) filteringthe maintained, further cooled solution to obtain crystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate, wherein the crystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate is(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate monohydrate; and v) drying the crystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate monohydrate under vacuum at a temperature greater than 30° C.for 12 to 48 hours to obtain crystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate, anhydrous, Form I; wherein the anhydrous neratinib maleate salt(Form I) formulation reduces diarrhea, relative to neratinib in a freebase formulation; and wherein the crystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate, anhydrous, Form I, is characterized by X-ray diffraction peaksat the following angles (±0.20°) of 2Theta in its X-ray diffractionpattern comprising 6.16, 7.38, 8.75, 12.61, 14.65, and 15.75.
 10. Themethod of claim 9, wherein the drying step comprises drying the(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate, monohydrate at 50° C., 10 mm Hg for 24 hours to obtain thecrystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate, anhydrous, Form I.
 11. The method of claim 9, wherein thecrystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate, anhydrous, Form I, is characterized by X-ray diffraction peaksat the following angles (±0.20°) of 2Theta in its X-ray diffractionpattern comprising 6.16, 7.38, 8.75, 10.20, 12.24, 12.61, 14.65, 15.75,17.33, 18.64, 19.99, 20.66, 21.32, 22.30, 23.18, 24.10, 24.69, 25.49,26.09, 26.54, 27.52, 28.62, and 29.43.
 12. The method of claim 11,wherein the crystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate, anhydrous, Form I, has substantially the X-ray diffractionpattern as shown in FIG.
 6. 13. A method of treating cancer, comprising:formulating neratinib as anhydrous neratinib maleate salt (Form I),wherein the anhydrous neratinib maleate salt (Form I) is preparedaccording to a method comprising: i) mixing(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamideand maleic acid in a water-alcohol solution at a temperature in therange of between about 50° C. to about 60° C.; ii) cooling said solutionto a temperature of about 40° C. and maintaining the cooled solution atabout 40° C. for about 12 hours to precipitate the maleate salt; iii)further cooling the cooled solution to room temperature (about 25° C.)over a minimum of 4 hours and maintaining the further cooled solution atroom temperature (about 25° C.) for at least 2 hours; and iv) filteringthe maintained, further cooled solution to obtain crystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate, wherein the crystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate is(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate monohydrate; and v) drying the crystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate monohydrate under vacuum at a temperature greater than 30° C.for 12 to 48 hours to obtain crystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate, anhydrous, Form I; wherein the crystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate, anhydrous, Form I, is characterized by X-ray diffraction peaksat the following angles (±0.20°) of 2Theta in its X-ray diffractionpattern comprising 6.16, 7.38, 8.75, 12.61, 14.65, and 15.75.
 14. Themethod of claim 13, wherein the drying step comprises drying the(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate, monohydrate at 50° C., 10 mm Hg for 24 hours to obtain thecrystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate, anhydrous, Form I.
 15. The method of claim 13, wherein thecrystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate, anhydrous, Form I, is characterized by X-ray diffraction peaksat the following angles (±0.20°) of 2Theta in its X-ray diffractionpattern comprising 6.16, 7.38, 8.75, 10.20, 12.24, 12.61, 14.65, 15.75,17.33, 18.64, 19.99, 20.66, 21.32, 22.30, 23.18, 24.10, 24.69, 25.49,26.09, 26.54, 27.52, 28.62, and 29.43.
 16. The method of claim 15,wherein the crystalline(E)-N-{4-[3-chloro-4-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)anilino]-3-cyano-7-ethoxy-6-quinolinyl}-4-(dimethylamino)-2-butenamidemaleate, anhydrous, Form I, has substantially the X-ray diffractionpattern as shown in FIG. 6.